Elephantsuseinvocationswhencommunicatingwith their fellows,whichisakindofname-calling. An unusualstudy was conducted by an internationalgroup of scientistsobservingthebehavior of theseanimalsin the Samburu,BuffaloSpringsandAmboseliNationalParksinKenyabetween1986 and 2022.AccordingtoMichaelPardo, a behavioralecologist at theUniversity of Colorado, elephants,as it turned out,calleachother by individualnames,likehumans,and come up with nicknamesfortheirfellows. The studyalsoconfirmedthattheseanimals are notinclined to imitatevoicesandsounds,asparrotsandbottlenosedolphins do.In the course of the study, scientistsused an artificialintelligencealgorithmtoanalyze the calls of twoherds of wildelephants in the Africansavannah."Elephantsusespecificsoundsforeachindividual,theyrecognizeandrespondtopersonalcalls,whileignoringcallsaddressedtootherindividuals," the scientistexplained."Theycandetermineifanappeal is addressed to them just by hearingit,evenifit is taken outofcontext."Inhisopinion,elephantcommunicationmaybemorecomplexthanpreviously thought.Tocometosuchconclusions, the researchersstudied the "buzz" of elephantsusing a machinelearningalgorithmand were able to identify469differentcalls,including101appealsand117calls of response."Rumblingsoundscarryinformationintendedonlyfor a specificelephant,"headded.
The study, the results of whichwerepublishedin the journalNatureEcology&Evolution,showedthatadultanimalsusenames more oftenthanyoung ones,whichsuggeststhat it cantakeyearstolearnthistalent. The mostcommonappealwas"rich,harmonious, low-frequencysound," the researchersnote."When a recording was playedinwhich an elephantaddressedafriendorfamilymember, the animalreactedpositively,butthesameelephantshowedmuchlessenthusiasmwhenaddressingothers,and the elephants did notjustimitate the recipient's call,whichsuggeststhattheyandhumansare the onlyknownanimalsthatinventeachother."names,"andnotjustcopy the voice of anotheranimal,"thestudysays."The evidencepresentedthatelephantsuseunlimitedvocalizationstonameotherssuggeststhattheyhave the abilityto think abstractly,"saidGeorgWittmayer,seniorauthor of the study.According to FrankPope,CEOofSavetheElephants, despitethedifferences,humansandelephantshave a lot in common,inparticular,"extendedfamilyunitswith a richsociallifesupported by a highly developed brain."
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